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Graves' disease, a condition in which the thyroid gland is hyperactive, is rarely a life-threatening condition. Although Graves' disease may develop at any age and in either sex, it most often affects women 20 to 60 years old.
The disease can affect the thyroid gland, eyes, and skin. Unfortunately, the cause of Graves' disease is unknown. Current research, however, suggests that a defect in the immune system may be the underlying cause of the disorder. Normally, the immune system uses antibodies (protein substances that the body makes) to help protect itself against viruses, bacteria, and foreign substances (antigens) that invade the body. In Graves' disease the immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, eyes, and skin of the lower legs causing the disease's symptoms.
Symptoms of this over activity, called hyperthyroidism, may include: Weight loss (although appetite increases), irritability, changes in menstrual patterns, lower heat tolerance, irregular heartbeat or pounding of the heart.
Some people with Graves' disease suffer from an irritating skin condition. Skin over the shins appears red and swollen. The top of the feet also may be affected in this way. Physicians may recommend creams or ointments to reduce the swelling and redness.
Eyes may bulge or appear red and swollen. The space between the lids may widen. Excess tearing and discomfort may occur in either or both eyes. Patients may experience sensitivity to light, blurring or double vision, inflammation, or decreased movement.
Treatment
Cool compresses, sunglasses, eye drops or raising your head at night are recommended.
According to the level of activity for the TED, steroid and other anti-inflammatory and antimetabolite medications could be advised.
Surgical procedures involving with TED are orbital decompression to relieve excess tissue behind the eye, Strabismus surgery to improve double vision, and cosmetic surgeries to make kore pleasant face.
Although Graves' disease may affect comfort, vision, or appearance, many of these problems can be treated successfully. Thorough discussions with your physician will help determine an appropriate treatment plan